is the capital of the Oriental region of Morocco, located near the border with Algeria. This metropolis has more than 350 000 inhabitants.
The city is built on the plain of Angad, bordered by the mountains of the tribe of Beni Snassen (Berkane Oujda Zayo Ahfir Tafoughalt) north and Jebel Hamra, Ras Asfour and Mahçar South. It is crossed by rivers and Oued Oued Nachef Isly. The geographical location makes it Oujda a crossroads between Morocco and other Maghreb countries and Europe.
History: Prehistory
:
Specimens of the industry Stone Age were gathered around Oujda to Sidi Yahia, a few flint tools, including a nice scraper, Ain Serrak, the nucleus, blades , points, scrapers Sidi Moussa on Isly, scrapers, blades, spikes and hard quartzite, some of these pieces are fairly finely worked. The polished stone industry, which coincides with the beginning of the current geological time, has also left some traces in the region. Around the gardens of Sedd and the confluence with the Wadi Wadi Nachef Isly, there has been outbreaks of Neolithic, on the set of Djorf El Akhdar, it was found a half hatchet polite form derived from the coiled-ax . There are remains of human activity from a prehistoric caves in the vicinity of Oujda: Flint, tips, etc.. Discovery of a dolmen around Oujda.
Assume that the natives of those remote times is still clothed in animal skins, they adorned themselves with shells of ostrich eggs, it is unclear if they cultivated the land.
Around Oujda and Taourirt remaining mounds Berber shapes. They are characterized by poverty of the furniture: the remains of human bones, of course, beads, pendants and leather spearheads, etc..
Antiquity:
Before the Roman conquest, established populations in the East River Moulouya were united under the Kingdom of the Masséssylie. This state was rich in men and products of the soil, grain farming and livestock were developed, it likely included a very small number of cities like Siga, who had replaced the old huts built with stones on the heights. In
-105, according Roman historian Sallust (Jugurtha War), the river Mulucca (Melwiya) separated the kingdom of Jugurtha, king of Numidia, that of Bocchus, king of Mauretania. According to some sources, the "castellum of Melwiya" would Jbel Mahsseur located 20 km south of Oujda. In
42, Mauretania, became a Roman province, is divided into Mauretania caesarean, ranging from Setif Moulouya and Mauretania Tingitane, between the Atlantic Ocean and Melwiya. Outside Rusadir (Melilla or Mlilia), counter founded by the Phoenicians and the Romans used. Some historians say it was Perhaps Lanigare, mentioned by Ptolemy, others argue stabulum regis west of nigrensis (Tafna).
No archaeological record are crucial elements came to bring to light the Roman presence in the region. The current local traditions have not completely forgotten Rome fractions of the tribe of Beni Snassen (El Begia) claim to be descendants of the Roman conquerors.
From the second century, Judaism, then Christianity is spreading in the region.
Clans Judaizers and semi-nomadic, settling in the region of Tlemcen Taza. Anti-Semitic persecution of the Visigoths and Justinian led many Jews in the region of Moulouya, where they flourished. Traces of antiquity are in the Jewish legend of Sidi Yahya Ben Younes which perpetuates the memory of a great era for the Jews of the region.
late antiquity saw the bowl of Oujda populated villages. The historian Abu Hamid Elguazali, according to traditions collected by himself, claiming that they were inhabited by Christians who lived during the reign of a king called El El Ablak Fortas (the nasty albino).
Arab-Muslim conquest: In 682
, Arab conquest undertaken by Nafi Ibn Al Fihri Oqba the reign of the Umayyads of Damascus, is completed around 705 by Musa bin Nusayr.
the middle of the eleventh century, Oujda gaining importance due to its city status on the relay route Sijilmassa - East. Throughout the history of successive dynasties in the Muslim West, Oujda eventually assume a significant strategic role in Merinids, settled at Fez in this case the rear base in their conflict with Abdelouadides Tlemcen. This situation has led several invasions of destructive Oujda which was exposed. Similarly, she experienced many difficulties by now rallying to the east, sometimes to the West because of its location on the field of clashes between Turks and Saadienss. Long, the rulers of Fez and Tlemcen and the disputed since the sixteenth century it was contested by Shereefian dynasties of Morocco and the Turks of Algiers. In 1692, Sultan Ismail drove out the Turks who established their rule over Algeria. Oujda but again fell under Turkish rule in the next century.
Foundation:
Oujda was founded by Ziri Ibn Attia, to 994 in the center of the plain of Angad. Invested by the Umayyad caliphs of Cordoba's command of the two Maghreb Ziri Ben Attia (Chief Maghraoua, group Zenetes of nomads in the middle of a vast desert plain) is to impose himself by force, decided to move the center of the country he was to administer rather than Fez and Tlemcen. He therefore resolved to create a "capital" in the middle of the plain of Angad near the source of Sidi Yahia and mountains that could possibly be his refuge. But the site of Oujda is also justified by the crossing that it operates between two major trade routes: the north-south route from sea to Sidjilmassa and west-east of Fez to Tlemcen. It remained for 80 years the seat of the dynasty's founder.
Reasons of "the French occupation"
When the French troops are moving in Oujda in February 1907, they do so at the request of Moulay Abdelaziz, the reigning sultan. Indeed the Rogui Bou Hamara then occupied the entire eastern Morocco from the slopes of the Atlas to the Algerian border. The city of Oujda was even occupied in June 1903. All the tribes of the region since the Zkara the Mhaya the Sedjaa, Beni Yala, the Mezzaouir the Atsamna etc.., Had sworn allegiance to this "new sultan, the great Berber tribe of Beni Snassen, she wavered between the two adversaries, always leaning toward the lower so as to maintain the climate in the shelter of which she was excused from paying taxes.
After June 1903 alone, the city of Oujda and Saidia casbah remained Maghzen, because France is watching.
repeatedly Moulay Abdelaziz had asked France to settle in Oujda to escape the ambitions of Bou Hamara, and France demanded a formal request that the Moroccan monarch could not write, and for good reason. That the assassination of Dr. Mauchand in Marrakech which served as a pretext (quite unjustified) that Lyautey decided to come to Oujda. The Moroccan authorities, Amel Benkerroum in mind, came before the French military to accommodate them.
None of the tribes who had supported the Rogui, and continued to support him, no expressions of hostility toward this presence that reassured the rural population, ransomed, in turn, by roguistes and maghzen ( Read Isabelle Eberhardt, Roadmap, 1904). Only the Beni Snassen offer resistance in the line of their previous attitude.
must wait for the coming 1934, programmed by the authorities of the Protectorate, Sultan Mohammed Ben Youssef in Oujda creates a wave of sympathy in his favor. Especially after
1945 that the city erected the nationalist movement Sultan emblem of the struggle against colonialism, the events of 1948 catalyzed the violence of this movement.
source: http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oujda
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